Looking for longer notes on diseases?

Meigs syndrome

A triad of a benign ovarian tumour (usually a fibroma) pleural effusion ascites

HRT in ischemic heart disease

The evidence base surrounding hormone replacement therapy and ischaemic heart disease is complicated but it should certainly be avoided in patients w…

Perianal abscess

Infective-inflammatory collection within the perianal region - often associated with perianal fistulae  Infection and anal gland drainage obs…

B12/folate deficiency

Always treat B12 deficiency first - giving patients folic acid when they have a B12 deficiency can lead to subacute combined degeneration o…

Ascites

Sodium and water retention - peripheral arterial vasodilation which causes a reduction in BV. This reduction activates the RAAS promoting ret…

Cirrhosis

Irreversible liver damage - loss of normal hepatic architecture Most commonly caused by alcohol abuse or HBV/HCV Leuconychia from the hy…

Jaundice

Classified by the site of the problem - pre-hepatic, hepatocellular or cholestatic/obstructive Or by the type of circulating bilirubin - conjugate…

Gleason Score

Used for grading prostate cancer.  A Gleason score of 6 is low grade, 7 is intermediate grade, and a score of 8 to 10 is high grade cance…

Liver failure

Development of coagulopathy INR >1.5  Encephalopathy May occur suddenly in the previously healthy liver Hyper Ac…

Necrotising enterocolitis

Necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) is a life-threatening illness almost exclusively affecting neonates. Inflammation of the intestine leading …

Viral hepatitis

Hepatitis A Faecal-oral route  More common in countries with poor hygiene Usually passes after a few months…

Diabetic neuropathy

Loss of all nerve impulses Autonomic - sweating  Somatic - movement Sensory - decreased sensation in stocking distribution  …

Urinary Tract Infections

Uncomplicated Non pregnant Female  Normal urinary tract and kidney function 3 day course of antibiotics - nitrofurantoin (avoid with…

UTI in Pregnancy

UTI in pregnancy should always be treated even if asymptomatic First Trimester Trimethoprim should be avoided as it is teratogenic (fol…

Diabetic Nephropathy

Complication of poorly controlled diabetes. Diffuse glomerulosclerosis - thickening of the basement membrane Nodular sclerosis - increase i…

Seizure symptoms per region

Temporal lobe - seizures occurring here are associated with epigastric auras and automatisms. Other auras may be deja vu, or auditory, gustatory…

Alpha and beta receptors

Alpha Receptors: Generally found on smooth muscle cells. Subtypes: α1 and α2. α1 receptors primarily mediate smooth muscl…

Syringomyelia

Fluid-filled cyst (syrinx) forms within the spinal cord classically presents with cape-like loss of pain and temperature sensation

Average blood glucose vs HbA1C

HbA1c depends on average blood glucose concentration and red blood cell (RBC) lifespan. Sickle-cell anaemia and other haemoglobinopathies such as her…

Paraneoplastic Syndromes

Lung Hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy (HPOA), which is the combination of clubbing and periostitis of the small hand joints. As seen i…

Lambert–Eaton Syndrome

Lambert–Eaton myasthenic syndrome is a rare autoimmune disorder characterised by muscle weakness of the limbs. Around 60% of those with LEMS ha…

Azithromycin

Before starting baseline ECG and LFTs are required Azithromycin has been known to cause prolongation of the QT interval on ECGs in some patients, …

Infective COPD exacerbation

Infective exacerbation of COPD - the most common organism causing this is Haemophilus influenzae. 

ECG territory lead changes

Septal MI relates to leads V1 and V2. An anterior MI would cause changes suggestive of MI in leads V3 and V4.   Tall R waves in leads V…

Chronic kidney disease stages

Metabolic syndrome

The name for a group of health problems that increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and events A combination of 3: T2 diabetes Hypert…