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#OBGYN

Endometriosis

Jan. 21, 2024

Ectopic endometrial tissue Bleeding into tissues $\rightarrow$ fibrosis Surgical ablation of lesions is definitive treatment

#Oncology #OBGYN

Ductal carcinoma in situ

Jan. 21, 2024

Malignant clonal proliferation of cells within structures Precursor of invasive carcinoma Most commonly identified as microcalcification Inv…

#Oncology #OBGYN

Fibroadenomas

Jan. 21, 2024

Well defined mobile breast mass/lump Proliferation of both epithelial and stromal components

#OBGYN

Fibrocystic change

Jan. 21, 2024

Benign hormonally mediated breast changes Cyst formation, mild calcification, stromal fibrosis and mild epithelial hyperplasia without atypia …

#Rheumatology

JAK inhibitors

Jan. 21, 2024

reduce inflammation stops the fuel for diseases like eczema, psoriasis, and vitiligo

#Drug #Rheumatology

Immunosuppression

Jan. 21, 2024

Corticosteroids - \(\downarrow\) neutrophil margination, \(\downarrow\) inflammatory cytokines,\(\downarrow\) T cell proliferation,…

#Rheumatology

Autoimmune types

Jan. 21, 2024

Type Description Type I reaction mediated by IgE antibodies Type II cytotoxic reaction mediated…

#Rheumatology

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Jan. 21, 2024

Anti-CCP antibody - more specific than RF with similar sensitivity Rheumatoid factor - antibody against Fc region of IgG. Commonly found in RA b…

#Nephrology

Polycystic Kidney Disease

Jan. 21, 2024

Autosomal dominant PCKD - PKD1/2 mutation Presentation: ESRF Also may have liver cysts, berry aneurysms, heart valve problems Autosomal …

#Nephrology #Rheumatology

Glomerulonephritis

Jan. 21, 2024

Name Cause Most common presentation Minimal change disease ? autoimmune children with nephrotic, little…

#Nephrology #Rheumatology

Tubulointerstitial Nephritis

Jan. 21, 2024

Type IV hypersensitivity reaction against tubules due to drugs or infection Presents with AKI

#Nephrology #Rheumatology

Amyloidosis

Jan. 21, 2024

AL amyloid due to myeloma AA amyloid due to chronic inflammatory conditions Depositions of protein in glomerulus = impaired filtration

#Nephrology

Renal Manifestations of Diabetes

Jan. 21, 2024

Damaged basement membrane = extracellular matrix production Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules Small vessel damage = ischaemia and tubular damage O…

#Nephrology

Kidney Failure

Jan. 21, 2024

Stage GFR Description Treatment 1 90+ Normal Other check other markers 2 60-89 …

#Oncology #Urology

Seminoma

Jan. 21, 2024

Malignant neoplasm of germ cells in seminiferous tubules Most common type of testicular cancer \(\uparrow\) risk from cryptorchidism reg…

#Urology

Cryptorchidism

Jan. 21, 2024

Undescended testis - more common in premature babies May resolve spontaneously Risk of infertility, hernias, testicular cancer and torsion

#Urology

Prostatic adenocarcinoma

Jan. 21, 2024

BRCA1/2 mutations & pesticide exposure Same compression symptoms as BPH but possible metastases to bone \(\rightarrow\) bone pain

#Nephrology

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

Jan. 21, 2024

Increased number of both stromal and glandular cells in the prostate. Growth can compress urethra leading to: Urinary stasis - infection and st…

#Nephrology #Neurology

Neurogenic bladder

Jan. 21, 2024

Inability to properly empty bladder due to neurological damage. UMN → spastic LMN → flaccid. Secondary infections an…

#Oncology #Urology

Urothelial Carcinoma

Jan. 21, 2024

From transitional epithelium. Accounts for 90% of bladder carcinoma. Higher risk in: Dye and rubber industry workers Male 60+

#Nephrology #Urology

Urolithiasis

Jan. 21, 2024

Stones forming in the lumen of the urinary tract, anywhere from renal calyx \(\rightarrow\) bladder. Types: Calcium oxalate 70% - raised c…

#Nephrology #Paediatrics

Vesicoureteral reflux

Jan. 21, 2024

When urine flows backwards from the bladder to the ureter. young people <2 y/o congential usually grow out of

#Nephrology #Oncology

Wilms' tumour

Jan. 21, 2024

aka Nephroblastoma Children under 5 with genetic syndromes what affect WT1 gene eg Beckwith-Weidemann syndrome (large tongue)

#Nephrology #Oncology

Renal Cell Carcinoma

Jan. 21, 2024

Cancer from renal tubular epithelium. Two most common types: Clear cell - (white cells) 75% Papillary - (papillary carcinoma) 10% Family…

#Drug

Antivirals

Jan. 21, 2024

Aciclovir - HSV and VZV Ganciclovir - CMV Neuraminidase inhibitors - Influenza AZT (zidovudine), tenofovir, - HIV, protease inhibitors, NRTI…

#Drug

Antifungal classes

Jan. 21, 2024

Cell membrane - ergesterol Azoles - clotrimazole, fluconazole Terbinafine Amphotericin B Cell wall Echinocandins - anidulafungin…

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Here's a collection of short useful bits of info that can be looked up easily. These usually don't fit anywhere else but are important.

Tags

  1. #Acute
  2. #AIassisted
  3. #Antibiotic
  4. #Cardiovascular
  5. #Dermatology
  6. #Drug
  7. #Endocrinology
  8. #ENT
  9. #Examination
  10. #Geriatrics
  11. #Haem
  12. #Incomplete
  13. #ID
  14. #MSK
  15. #Nephrology
  16. #Neurology
  17. #Oncology
  18. #Ophthalmology
  19. #Orthopaedics
  20. #OSCE
  21. #Psychiatry
  22. #Radiology
  23. #Reproductive
  24. #Respiratory
  25. #Rheumatology
  26. #Surgery
  27. #Symptom
  28. #Urology
  29. #Paediatrics
  30. #OBGYN
  31. #Gastroenterology
  32. #Genetics
  33. #Neonatology
  34. #Hepatology