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#Gastroenterology

Peptic ulcer disease

Jan. 21, 2024

Localised defect extending at least into submucosa First part of duodenum, junction of antral/body mucosa, distal oesophagus most common sites …

#Gastroenterology

Gastritis

Jan. 21, 2024

Can be due to either increased aggression/attack on stomach or impaired defences. Acute - usually due to NSAIDs, alcohol or initial H. pylori infe…

#ENT #Oncology #Gastroenterology

Oesophageal carcinoma

Jan. 21, 2024

Squamous cell carcinoma - other carcinogens - HPV, alcohol, burns... Adenocarcinoma - caused by Barrett's oesophagus - mainly caucasians …

#ENT #Oncology #Gastroenterology

Barrett's oesophagus

Jan. 21, 2024

Long standing reflux leads to metaplasia of stratified squamous mucosa to simple columnar mucosa/intestinal morphology Pre malignant condition …

#ENT #Gastroenterology

Oesophagitis

Jan. 21, 2024

Usually viral (HSV, CMV) or fungal (candida). Can be chemical Commonest form caused by reflux of gastric acid/bile Reflux oesophagitis …

#Acute #Orthopaedics

Septic Arthritis

Jan. 21, 2024

Usualy bacterial infection of joint. Haematogenous - blood stream infection Local spread - soft tissue, bone, bursitis Penetrating - joint …

#Orthopaedics

Osteomyelitis

Jan. 21, 2024

Infection of bone - acute pain swelling, pathological fracture Acute a/w inflammatory reaction, fulminant, sepsis Chronic - present for >1 m…

#Dermatology

Dermatitis Herpetiformis

Jan. 21, 2024

Small intensely itchy blisters on extensor surfaces Often young pateitns a/w Coeliac disease IgA deposition

#Dermatology

Bullous diseases

Jan. 21, 2024

Formation of fluid filled blisters - autoantibodies Pemphigus - intra-epidermal bulla, loss of cohesion so fragile Pemphigoid - sub-epidermal…

#Dermatology

Dermatomyositis

Jan. 21, 2024

Histologically similar to SLE with photosensitive rash Proximal muscle weakness 25% association with underlying visceral cancer

#Dermatology #Nephrology #Rheumatology

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Jan. 21, 2024

Autoimmune connect tissue disorder Classic 4 symptoms of SLE: Photosensitive malar rash Multiple mouth ulcers Arthralgia Alopecia …

#Dermatology #Rheumatology

Psoriasis

Jan. 21, 2024

Well defined red oval plaques on extensor surfaces - fine silvery scale - autoimmune so treat with Anti-TNF & Abatacept Microscopy Regul…

#Dermatology

Atopic dermatitis (eczema)

Jan. 21, 2024

A reaction pattern rather than a specific disease Acute - red weeping +/- small vesicles Subacute - red less exudate crusting Chronic - thick leat…

#ENT #Oncology

Salivary gland tumours

Jan. 21, 2024

Pleomorphic salivary adenoma Most common tumour - usually in parotid Slow growing painless - can undergo malignant transformation

#ENT #Oncology

Laryngeal Carcinoma

Jan. 21, 2024

25 % of head and neck cancers Smoking alcohol, M>F Hoarseness, dyspnea

#ENT #Oncology

Oral Cavity Carcinoma

Jan. 21, 2024

Majority arise in areas of pre-existing epithelial dysplasia Tobacco, alcohol, HPV, Li-Fraumeni syndrome, Fanconi anaemia

#ENT

Sinonasal polyps

Jan. 21, 2024

Non-neoplastic swellings of sinonasal mucosa - surgery to treat Nasal obstruction, rhinorrhoea, headaches Bilateral polyps, asthma and aspiri…

#ENT

Vocal cord nodules/polyps

Jan. 21, 2024

Singers disease as caused by excessive + improper use of voice. Can also be caused by infection, hypothyroidism + smoking Nodule nearly always …

#Dermatology #Rheumatology

Lichen planus

Jan. 21, 2024

A rash that can affect parts of the body including mouth and hands F >> M skin involvement 10-15% Autoinflammatory disease - T cell i…

#Symptom

Hypermagnesemia

Jan. 21, 2024

Rare as kidneys have a large capacity to excrete excess MG Usually iatrogenic - cardiac surgery, pre-eclampsia

#Symptom

Hyperphosphatemia

Jan. 21, 2024

Symptoms usually due to hypocalcaemia Causes: Renal failure - AKI or CKD Hypoparathyroidism Spurious

#Symptom

Phosphate deficiency

Jan. 21, 2024

Low intake - malnutrition, malabsorption, alcoholism Excess loss - hyperparathyroidism, renal tubular damage (Fanconi syndrome), diarrhoea Extr…

#Symptom

Hypocalcaemia

Jan. 21, 2024

EDTA contamination of the tube Vitamin D deficiency Hypoparathyroidism Primary Hypomagnesaemia Pseudo- Hyperphosphataemia …

#Endocrinology

Bone related biochemistry

Jan. 21, 2024

Disease ALP Ca Phos PTH HyperPTH ↑ ↑ ↓ ↑ …

#Symptom

Paget's Disease of Bone

Jan. 21, 2024

Rapid bone turnover and formation - ↑ ALP Abnormal bone remodelling mainly in over 50 year old Bone pain, deformity, fractures…

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#Endocrinology #Oncology

Parahyperthyroid adenomas

Jan. 21, 2024

Adenomas - 85% of cases of primary HPT Glandular hyperplasia - all 4 glands enlarged, can occur sporadically or part of genetic syndromes. Medical…

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Here's a collection of short useful bits of info that can be looked up easily. These usually don't fit anywhere else but are important.

Tags

  1. #Acute
  2. #AIassisted
  3. #Antibiotic
  4. #Cardiovascular
  5. #Dermatology
  6. #Drug
  7. #Endocrinology
  8. #ENT
  9. #Examination
  10. #Geriatrics
  11. #Haem
  12. #Incomplete
  13. #ID
  14. #MSK
  15. #Nephrology
  16. #Neurology
  17. #Oncology
  18. #Ophthalmology
  19. #Orthopaedics
  20. #OSCE
  21. #Psychiatry
  22. #Radiology
  23. #Reproductive
  24. #Respiratory
  25. #Rheumatology
  26. #Surgery
  27. #Symptom
  28. #Urology
  29. #Paediatrics
  30. #OBGYN
  31. #Gastroenterology
  32. #Genetics
  33. #Neonatology
  34. #Hepatology