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Urolithiasis
Stones forming in the lumen of the urinary tract, anywhere from renal calyx \(\rightarrow\) bladder. Types: Calcium oxalate 70% - raised c…
Continue readingUrothelial Carcinoma
From transitional epithelium. Accounts for 90% of bladder carcinoma. Higher risk in: Dye and rubber industry workers Male 60+
Continue readingProstatic adenocarcinoma
BRCA1/2 mutations & pesticide exposure Same compression symptoms as BPH but possible metastases to bone \(\rightarrow\) bone pain
Continue readingCryptorchidism
Undescended testis - more common in premature babies May resolve spontaneously Risk of infertility, hernias, testicular cancer and torsion
Continue readingSeminoma
Malignant neoplasm of germ cells in seminiferous tubules Most common type of testicular cancer \(\uparrow\) risk from cryptorchidism reg…
Continue readingRenal stone areas (anatomic sites of narrowing)
Renal pelvis ureter junction Ureteral crossing of the iliac vessels Vesicouteric junction
Continue readingUrinary Tract Infections
Uncomplicated Non pregnant Female Normal urinary tract and kidney function 3 day course of antibiotics - nitrofurantoin (avoid with…
Continue readingGleason Score
Used for grading prostate cancer. A Gleason score of 6 is low grade, 7 is intermediate grade, and a score of 8 to 10 is high grade cance…
Continue readingTesticular Torsion
Twisting of the spermatic cord with rotation around the testicle. Urological emergency Typical patient is teenage boy - but can occur at any …
Continue readingUrinary Incontinence
Two types - urge and stress. Establishing the type is essential for management Urge Incontinence Over activity of the detrusor muscle -…
Continue readingTesticular swellings
Condition Notes Inguinal hernia If inguinoscrotal swelling; cannot 'get above it' on examination Co…
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