ALPHA
Fungal Pathogens
Dermatophytes Moulds Cause superficial infections - cause "tinea" diseases Trichophyton rubrum is a common cause of toenail, foot…
Continue readingParasites
Ascariasis Distribution - typically 3-8 year olds Life cycle - direct Clinical - Malnutrition & absorption, obstruction - Loeffler'…
Continue readingViruses
Herpes viruses Virus Transmission Clinical Latency in HSV-1 Direct contact Cold sores, encephali…
Continue readingInfectious mononucleosis
caused by EBV lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly
Continue readingKawasaki disease
Usually affects children <5 It is a form of vasculitis, with fever, rash, and glandular swelling Any fever lasting 5+ days think Kawas…
Continue readingNecrotising fasciitis
Rapidly progressive, live threatening, tracking along fascia cutting off blood supply \(\rightarrow\) necrosis Type 1: Synergistic/poly-microbi…
Continue readingMycobacterium Tuberculosis
Can become dormant or disseminate depending on host immune system Risk at extremes of ages + immunocompromised 90% of primary infections asymp…
Continue readingInfections in Pregnancy
Toxoplasmosis Other (syphilis, HIV, Coxsackie, HBV, VZV) Rubella Cytomegalovirus Herpes simplex disease Intramniotic Chorioamnio…
Continue readingNeonate sepsis
Early onset first 72 hour - Group B strep/E coli., colonised during delivery Late onset after 72h same organisms but healthcare associated
Continue readingInfections in children
URT infections Pharyngitis Acute tonsillitis Croup - inflammation and narrowing of subglottic region (larynx) Acute otitis media LRT…
Continue readingMeningitis in infants
Non-specific clinical presentation in infants Viral - more common Enteroviruses 50% HSV, influenza, EBV, adenovirus, CMV Bacterial: …
Continue readingMeningococcaemia
Mortality 5-10% (90% if DIC), morbidity 10% Maculopapular rash
Continue readingRashes
Impetigo - classically ruptured honey-coloured vesicles. S aureus or Strep. pyogenes Scarlet fever - flushed face with circumoral pallor, "sa…
Continue readingAcute progressive viral encephalitis
Highest case fatality of any infectious disease Prodromal phase - fever, nausea, vomiting, headache, fatigue, tingling at site of wound Furio…
Continue readingFever in the returning traveller
Area of travel Common Occasional Rare but don't miss Sub-Saharan Africa Malaria HIV…
Continue readingNotifiable diseases in the UK
Acute encephalitis Acute infectious hepatitis Acute meningitis Acute poliomyelitis Anthrax Botulism Brucellosis Cholera COVID-19 …
Continue readingViral hepatitis
Hepatitis A Faecal-oral route More common in countries with poor hygiene Usually passes after a few months…
Continue readingCOVID 19
Acute - signs and symptoms consistent with COVID-19 for up to 4 weeks Ongoing symptomatic - Symptoms 4-12 weeks after an infection …
Continue readingVaricella zoster virus
Causes chicken pox. Highly contagious, generalised vesicular rash. Most common in children. One episode develops immunity to the virus. Patients b…
Continue readingInfluenza
RNA virus, A, B and C types Type A has H and N subtypes eg, H5N1 Outbreaks typically occur in winter Vaccine - free on the NHS…
Continue readingNeutropenia sepsis
Gram-positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus epidermidis are the most common cause of neutropenic sepsis
Continue readingParotid swelling differentials
Mumps Viral respiratory droplet infection Usually self limiting that lasts for a week Initial period of prodrome: Fever Muscle ach…
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