ALPHA
Hyperkalaemia
Causes Medications ACEis ARBs Potassium sparing diuretics Trimethoprim Beta blockers Suxa…
Continue readingTricyclic antidepressant overdose
TCA examples: amitriptyline, clomipramine, dosulepin, imipramine, lofepramine and nortriptyline Overdose sign and symptoms: …
Continue readingBenzodiazepine overdose
Hypotension, bradycardia, respiratory depression and coma Flumazernil used to reverse
Continue readingSalicylate overdose
Tinnitus, anxiety, diaphoresis Respiratory alkalosis followed by metabolic acidosis Give activated charcoal
Continue readingIntermediate Life Support
Patients in VF/pulseless VT should receive one shock followed by two minutes of CPR. If they are witnessed having the cardiac arrest and ar…
Continue readingNeonate sepsis
Early onset first 72 hour - Group B strep/E coli., colonised during delivery Late onset after 72h same organisms but healthcare associated
Continue readingMeningococcaemia
Mortality 5-10% (90% if DIC), morbidity 10% Maculopapular rash
Continue readingTransfusion complications
Febrile non-haemolytic transfusion reactions Due to cytokines or other biologically active molecules that accumlate during storage of blood com…
Continue readingThrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
Type of microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia, antibodies against ADAMTS13 enzyme. So vWF cannot be broken down leading to many clots aquired f…
Continue readingGiant Cell Arteritis (Temporal)
Type of vasculitis (hypersensitivity type IV) affecting large arteries in head - can lead to blindness Older individuals, F>M, PMH of polymy…
Continue readingSeptic Arthritis
Usualy bacterial infection of joint. Haematogenous - blood stream infection Local spread - soft tissue, bone, bursitis Penetrating - joint …
Continue readingMetabolic changes following trauma
Shock - blood loss, poor blood flow, low oxygen supply - catecholamines Hypercatabolism - increased basal metabolic rate, anaerobic metabo…
Continue readingAcute Red Eye
Causes of an acute painful red eye include: Acute angle-closure glaucoma Anterior uveitis Scleritis Corneal abrasions or ulcera…
Continue readingLegionella antigen
If someone comes in with fever + cough urine is usually tested to check for legionella Easy to rule it out
Continue readingOxygen requirements
If the patient is receiving oxygen therapy their PaO2 should be approximately 10kPa less than the % inspired conce…
Continue readingDiabetic Ketoacidosis
Diagnostic criteria: High BM - >11 mmol/L Ketones - >3 mmol/L Acidosis pH <7.3 Presentation: Deep laboured b…
Continue readingAnion gap
\(AIG=[Na^+ + K^+] - [Cl^- + HCO_3^-]\) Tells what the body is doing - creating more acid eg DKA, lactic acidosis
Continue readingVomiting causing hypokalaemia
Causes vomiting via a number of different pathways Hypovolaemia Vomiting triggers the release of aldosterone to try and increase the …
Continue readingAsthma Exacerbation Management
Oxygen Salbutamol Hydrocortisone Ipratropium Theophylline Magnesium sulphate Escalate care
Continue readingAnaphylactic shock
Type I IgE mediated hypersensitivity reaction. Release of histamine and other cytokines More common in atopic individuals Precipitants Dr…
Continue readingCardiorespiratory arrest
Danger - ensure safety of yourself and patient Response - patient unresponsive and not breathing properly (without a central pulse) Shout…
Continue readingSubstance Misuse Disorder
Cannabis is most common in 16-59 then cocaine and ecstasy But alcohol misuse is the fifth biggest risk factor for death across all ages…
Continue readingSelf Harm
The majority of self-poisoning episodes involve prescribed or over-the-counter medication, and a minority involve illicit drugs, other household s…
Continue readingMyxoedemic coma
Severe hypothyroidism Hypothermia, hyporeflexia, bradycardia and seizures Medical emergency Thyroid hormone replacement, and glucocorticoid…
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