ALPHA
Hypomagnesemia
Cofactor for ATP, neuromuscular excitability, enzyme function, regulates ion channels Required for PTH release Associated with other el…
Continue readingSore throat
Tonsillitis & Pharyngitis - virus, Group A Strep (S. pyogenes) Centor criteria (if bacterial): Tonsillar exudate Tender anterior cervi…
Continue readingPaget's Disease of Bone
Rapid bone turnover and formation - \(\uparrow\) ALP Abnormal bone remodelling mainly in over 50 year old Bone pain, deformity, fractures…
Continue readingHypocalcaemia
EDTA contamination of the tube Vitamin D deficiency Hypoparathyroidism Primary Hypomagnesaemia Pseudo- Hyperphosphataemia …
Continue readingPhosphate deficiency
Low intake - malnutrition, malabsorption, alcoholism Excess loss - hyperparathyroidism, renal tubular damage (Fanconi syndrome), diarrhoea Extr…
Continue readingHyperphosphatemia
Symptoms usually due to hypocalcaemia Causes: Renal failure - AKI or CKD Hypoparathyroidism Spurious
Continue readingHypermagnesemia
Rare as kidneys have a large capacity to excrete excess MG Usually iatrogenic - cardiac surgery, pre-eclampsia
Continue readingLiver function tests
ALT - Liver Tissue ALP - Liver Pipes Test Description Alanine transaminase (ALT) An enzyme that is …
Continue readingFoodborne GI infections
Product Pathogen Diary Campylobacter, Salmonella Eggs Salmonella Meats Clostrid…
Continue readingElectrolyte imbalance
Electrolyte Hypo- Hyper- Sodium Range: <133mmol/L >146mmol/L Symptoms: Con…
Continue readingClubbing Causes
Gastro Resp Cardiac IBS Bronchiectasis Endocarditis Cirrhosis Cystic Fibrosis Congential …
Continue readingScoring Tools
PESI score - The PESI score (Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index) is recommended by the British Thoracic Society to identify PE patients who can b…
Continue readingHospital Acquired Infections
C. diff Treatment of a patient with antibiotics, PPIs eg, allows the bacteria to grow unregulated → symptoms Spore are released in …
Continue readingSteroid side effects
Mood swings + emotional changes Weight gain - increased appetite High BP Increased risk of infection - suppressed immune system Glau…
Continue readingDiahorrea and Vomiting Electrolytes
Shooting stuff down pH goes down, bringing stuff up pH goes up Prolonged diarrhoea may result in a metabolic acidosis associated with hy…
Continue readingOrthostatic hypotension
Defined when one of the following is present A drop in systolic BP of 20mmHg or more (with or without symptoms) A drop to below 90mmHg on sta…
Continue readingParotid swelling differentials
Mumps Viral respiratory droplet infection Usually self limiting that lasts for a week Initial period of prodrome: Fever Muscle ach…
Continue readingVINDCATE - everything
Vascular Infectious Neoplastic Degenerative Congential Autoimmune Traumatic Endocrine Go through everything looking for red f…
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