ALPHA
Neurovasculature
Artery Area Anterior cerebral artery supply Superior and medial frontal and parietal - Corpus c…
Continue readingStroke Treatment Choice
Thrombectomy + thrombolysis for people with ischaemic stroke <6h. Thrombectomy if limited infarct
Continue readingGraft rejection
Acute rejection occurs within 6 months Typically presentings with signs and symptoms of infection Confirm via biopsy and incre…
Continue readingUlcerative Colitis vs Crohn's disease
Ulcerative Colitis Crohn's Disease Distribution Rectum/colon Any part of GIT Histology…
Continue readingIschaemic bowel disease
Transient - 80% Acute fulminant & gangrenous Chronic segmental ulcerating (ischaemic stricture) Occlusive - arterial embolism Non-occ…
Continue readingDiverticular disease
High intra-lumen pressure (due to lack of fibre) cause protrusions of mucosa and submucosa through the bowel wall - commonly sigmoid colon (areas tha…
Continue readingColorectal polyps
Kinda opposite to diverticulitis - mucosal protrusion into lumen. Solitary or multiple, pedunculated, sessile or flat, small or large, due to patholo…
Continue readingMetabolic changes following trauma
Shock - blood loss, poor blood flow, low oxygen supply - catecholamines Hypercatabolism - increased basal metabolic rate, anaerobic metabo…
Continue readingStructures per Vertebral Level
VERTEBRAL LEVEL LANDMARKS & STRUCTURES C1 Spinal root of accessory nerve crosses transverse process of atla…
Continue readingLaxative Types
Laxative Type When to Use When to avoid Examples Bulk-forming laxatives Diverticulitis, dietary fibre i…
Continue readingBowel Obstruction
Vomiting Constipation Colic Distension Causes Common Rare Hernias (small bowel) Strictures (Cr…
Continue readingRadiculopathies
Spinal roots are compressed or inflamed Pain Weakness Numbness Tingling Commonly due to: Disc herniation Spinal stenosis D…
Continue readingAnal fissure
A tear in the mucosal lining of the anal canal - most commonly due to trauma from defecation Acute - present for less than 6 weeks Chronic - pr…
Continue readingTesticular Torsion
Twisting of the spermatic cord with rotation around the testicle. Urological emergency Typical patient is teenage boy - but can occur at any …
Continue readingGastrointestinal perforation
Four mechanisms that lead to perforation: Ischemia (bowel obstruction, necrosis) Infection (appendicitis, diverticulitis) Erosion (malignan…
Continue readingCombined Oral Contraceptive
COCP = 4 letters = 4 weeks Should stop taking 4 weeks before surgery
Continue reading