Osteoporosis

Decreased bone mass + deranged bone microarchitecture = failure of structural integrity Aging, glucocorticoids - DEXA + XR for diagnosis C…

Metabolic changes following trauma

Shock - blood loss, poor blood flow, low oxygen supply - catecholamines Hypercatabolism - increased basal metabolic rate, anaerobic metabo…

Dementia progression

Laxative Types

Laxative Type When to Use When to avoid Examples Bulk-forming laxatives Diverticulitis, dietary fibre i…

Causes of Delirium

Pain Infection Nutrition - hypoglycaemia, B12, folate, low Na+, high Ca++ Constipation Hydration/hypoxia Medication Environment  

Osteomalacia

Defective bone mineralisation causes "soft" bones due to insufficient vitamin D. The same process causes rickets in children.  Vita…

Alendronate

Drug Class Bisphosphonate Mechanism Inhibits osteoclast bone reabsorption For optimal activity, enoug…

AMTS

QUESTIONS SCORING RULES How old are you? Score for exact age only What is your date of birth? O…

Drugs to avoid in Lewy Body Dementia

Avoid HARM drugs H- haloperidol A- antipsychotics (in general) R- pRochlorperazine M- metoclopramide

Orthostatic hypotension

Defined when one of the following is present A drop in systolic BP of 20mmHg or more (with or without symptoms) A drop to below 90mmHg on sta…