Looking for longer notes on diseases?

Diahorrea causes

Campylobacter jejuni typically causes bloody stools and abdominal pain.  Clostridium difficile infection typically follows a hosp…

COPD Classification

Grade 1: Breathless with strenuous exercise. Grade 2: Short of breath when hurrying or when walking up hill. Grade 3: Walks slower than people …

Causes of hyponatremia

PPI TACO: PPIs Thiazides ACEi/ARBs Carbamazepine Opioids  

Ototoxic Medications

FAV Q&A  Furosemide Aminoglycosides (gent) Vancomycin Quinine Aspirin  

Reactive Arthritis

Reactive arthritis is defined as an arthritis that develops following an infection where the organism cannot be recovered from the joint. Can'…

VINDCATE - everything

Vascular Infectious  Neoplastic Degenerative Congential Autoimmune Traumatic Endocrine   Go through everything looking for red f…

Parotid swelling differentials

Mumps Viral respiratory droplet infection Usually self limiting that lasts for a week Initial period of prodrome: Fever Muscle ach…

Electrolyte disturbances in AKI and CKD

Kidneys are primarily responsible for the excretion of potassium from the body. Potassium secretion is enhanced by sodium absorption through Na/K pum…

Bone changes in osteoarthritis vs rheumatoid

Osteoarthritis LOSS - irregular bone remodelling: Loss of joint space Osteophyte formation (bony spurs protrude out) Sclerosis (underl…

PR Bleeding

Most common: Diverticulosis Haemorrhoids Ischaemic or infective colitis Malignancy

FEV1:FVC ratio

FEV1 - volume of air forcefully expired in 1 second - calibre of vessels FVC - volume of air to completely expel lung - total lung capacity &nb…

H. pylori eradication

Gram -ve aerobic bacteria Diagnosis: Rapid urease test during endoscopy Stool antigen test for screening Urea breath test to check treat…

Primary sclerosing cholangitis vs biliary cholangitis

Both are autoimmune disease where the the bile ducts are affected.   Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis Intra and extra hepatic bile duc…

Amlodipine

  Drug Class Calcium channel blocker Mechanism Interfere with the inward movement of calcium ions into c…

Anti-body tests

Anti-centromere - CREST Anti-CCP - Rheumatoid arthritis ANCA - CANCA is Wegener's and PANCA is Churg-Strauss Anti-Dsdna - SLE specific  …

Ramsay Hunt syndrome

  Ramsay Hunt syndrome (herpes zoster oticus) is caused by the reactivation of the varicella zoster virus in the geniculate ganglion of the s…

Testicular swellings

Condition Notes Inguinal hernia If inguinoscrotal swelling; cannot 'get above it' on examination Co…

Critical vs Acute Limb Ischaemia

Acute limb ischaemia - limb MI Critical limb ischaemia - unstable angina  Claudication - stable angina

Urea:Creatinine Ratio

Working out Urea:Creatinine easily Divide the creatinine by 10, if the urea is higher than creatinine then think pre-renal cause. Eg if creatin…

Gilbert Syndrome

  Gilbert's syndrome inherited metabolic disorder with mild and intermittent elevation of unconjugated (indirect) bilirubin levels, due t…

Orthostatic hypotension

Defined when one of the following is present A drop in systolic BP of 20mmHg or more (with or without symptoms) A drop to below 90mmHg on sta…

Drugs to avoid in Lewy Body Dementia

Avoid HARM drugs H- haloperidol A- antipsychotics (in general) R- pRochlorperazine M- metoclopramide

Diahorrea and Vomiting Electrolytes

Shooting stuff down pH goes down, bringing stuff up pH goes up   Prolonged diarrhoea may result in a metabolic acidosis associated with hy…

Endocrine symptoms

AMTS

QUESTIONS SCORING RULES How old are you? Score for exact age only What is your date of birth? O…

Vestibular neuritis vs viral labyrinthitis

Viral labyrinthitis stereotypical history: recently developed an upper respiratory tract infection presents with vertigo and vomiting. Hearing is als…